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Phosphate-buffered saline

PBS,pH 7.4

Company: Thermo Fisher Scientific
Catalog#: 10010023
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Generation of Gene Knockout and Gene Replacement with Complete Removal of Full-length Endogenous Transcript Using CRISPR-Trap
Author:
Date:
2018-10-20
[Abstract]  This protocol describes the application of the CRISPR-Trap from designing of the gene targeting strategy to validation of successfully edited clones that was validated on various human cell lines, among them human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The advantage of CRISPR-Trap over conventional approaches is the complete removal of any endogenous full-length transcript from the target gene. CRISPR-Trap is applicable for any target gene with no or little coding sequence in its first exon. Several human cell lines and different genes have so far been edited successfully with CRISPR-Trap. [摘要]  该协议描述了CRISPR-Trap从设计基因靶向策略到验证成功编辑的克隆的应用,所述克隆在各种人细胞系上得到验证,其中人类诱导的多能干细胞(hiPSC)。 CRISPR-Trap优于常规方法的优点是从靶基因完全去除任何内源全长转录物。 CRISPR-Trap适用于在其第一个外显子中没有编码序列或编码序列很少的任何靶基因。 到目前为止,已经使用CRISPR-Trap成功编辑了几种人细胞系和不同基因。

【背景】CRISPR / Cas9技术的出现促进了基因敲除和基因编辑的基因组靶向。执行敲除的常规方法依赖于引入移码导致过早终止密码子(PTC),截短开放阅读框(ORF)以及随后通过无义介导的mRNA衰变(NMD)降解靶基因的转录物。 。这种方法的一个可能的缺陷是全长转录物,其可以逃避NMD并产生具有残余或甚至显性负功能的C末端截短蛋白。该协议提出了CRISPR-Trap,这是我们最近建立的一种方法(Reber et al。>,2018),成功编辑后将阻止从靶基因位点表达任何全长转录本(图1)。简而言之,这种方法针对CRISPR / ...

Isolation of Chromatin-bound Proteins from Subcellular Fractions for Biochemical Analysis
Author:
Date:
2018-10-05
[Abstract]  Shuttling of proteins between different cellular compartments controls their proteostasis and can contribute in some cases to regulate their activity. Biochemical analysis of chromatin-bound proteins, such as transcription factors, is often difficult because of their low yield and due to the interference from nucleic acids. This protocol describes a method to efficiently fractionate cells combined with a mechanical (i.e., sonication) or an enzymatic treatment (i.e., benzonase) that facilitates analysis of chromatin-bound protein extracts by Western blot analysis or by protein pull-down assays. This approach can be valuable to enrich a particular protein within a particular subcellular fraction either to study specific post-translational modification patterns or to ... [摘要]  在不同细胞区室之间穿梭蛋白质控制它们的蛋白质稳态,并且在某些情况下可以有助于调节它们的活性。 染色质结合蛋白(例如转录因子)的生化分析通常是困难的,因为它们的产率低并且由于核酸的干扰。 该协议描述了一种有效分离细胞的方法,结合机械(即,超声处理)或酶处理(即,benzonase),有助于分析染色质结合蛋白提取物 通过蛋白质印迹分析或蛋白质下拉分析。 该方法对于富集特定亚细胞级分内的特定蛋白质以研究特定的翻译后修饰模式或鉴定特定的蛋白质 - 蛋白质相互作用可能是有价值的。
【背景】许多染色质结合蛋白的活性和翻译后调节研究很少,因为在分离它们进行生化分析时存在技术困难。这甚至是转录因子的情况,例如基本的螺旋 - 环 - 螺旋(bHLH)转录因子,其通常在组织或细胞模型中具有稀缺的时间和空间表达模式(Dennis 等。,2018)。当生物材料的量成为研究分子途径的障碍时,协议细化有助于解除技术限制(Gillotin和Guillemot,2016)。在我们最近的研究中,我们努力了解神经元bHLH转录因子Ascl1的蛋白水解是如何在神经元分化的细胞模型中调节的(Gillotin et ...

Studying the Mechanisms of Developmental Vocal Learning and Adult Vocal Performance in Zebra Finches through Lentiviral Injection
Author:
Date:
2018-09-05
[Abstract]  Here we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for using lentivirus to manipulate miRNA expression in Area X of juvenile zebra finches and for analyzing the consequences on song learning and song performance. This protocol has four parts: 1) making the lentiviral construct to overexpress miRNA miR-9; 2) packaging the lentiviral vector; 3) stereotaxic injection of the lentivirus into Area X of juvenile zebra finches; 4) analysis of song learning and song performance in juvenile and adult zebra finches. These methods complement the methods employed in recent works that showed changing FoxP2 gene expression in Area X with lentivirus or adeno-associated virus leads to impairments in song behavior. [摘要]  在这里,我们提供了一个详细的逐步协议,用于使用慢病毒操纵幼年斑胸草雀X区的miRNA表达,并分析对歌曲学习和歌曲表现的影响。 该方案有四个部分:1)使慢病毒构建体过表达miRNA miR-9; 2)包装慢病毒载体; 3)将慢病毒立体定位注入少年斑胸草雀X区; 4)青少年和成年斑马雀的歌曲学习和歌曲表演分析。 这些方法补充了近期工作中使用的方法,这些方法显示,在区域X中用慢病毒或腺相关病毒改变 FoxP2 基因表达导致歌曲行为的损害。

【背景】具有良好特征的歌曲行为和基础神经回路的斑胸草雀提供了独特的动物模型来研究声音通信和相关感觉 - 运动学习的神经机制。近年来,一些实验室开始使用病毒载体来操纵斑胸草雀脑中的基因表达并研究其功能后果。这些努力通过对 FoxP2 基因的研究得到了最好的说明,该基因编码叉头盒p2转录因子。 FoxP2蛋白控制着数百个在神经系统发育中起重要作用的下游基因的表达。人类 FoxP2 基因的突变导致言语和语言障碍(Lai et al。,2001)。在鸣禽中,斑马雀X区域的 FoxP2 基因的敲除或过表达,对于声乐学习至关重要的基底神经节核,严重损害了歌曲的行为(Haesler et al。, 2007; Murugan et al。,2013; Heston and ...

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