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Toluidine blue

甲苯胺蓝O

Company: Sigma-Aldrich
Catalog#: 198161
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Preparation of Yeast tRNA Sample for NMR Spectroscopy
Author:
Date:
2020-06-20
[Abstract]  Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional modifications during their biosynthesis. To fulfil their functions within cells, tRNAs undergo a tightly controlled biogenesis process leading to the formation of mature tRNAs. In addition, functions of tRNAs are often modulated by their modifications. Although the biological importance of post-transcriptional RNA modifications is widely appreciated, methods to directly detect their introduction during RNA biosynthesis are rare and do not easily provide information on the temporal nature of events. To obtain information on the tRNA maturation process, we have developed a methodology, using NMR as a tool to monitor tRNA maturation in a non-disruptive and continuous fashion in cellular extracts. By following the ... [摘要]  [摘要 ] 转移RNA(tRNA )在其生物合成过程中大量修饰有转录后修饰。为了在细胞内履行其功能,tRNA 经历了严格控制的生物生成过程,导致了成熟的tRNA 的形成。此外,tRNA的功能通常是虽然转录后修饰RNA的生物学重要性被广泛理解,方法直接检测它们的RNA生物合成过程中引入是罕见的,并且不容易提供上events.To的时间特性信息获取的信息的tRNA 成熟 在此过程中,我们开发了一种方法,使用NMR作为监测细胞提取物中tRNA 成熟的无中断和连续方式。通过模型酵母tRNA 的时间分辨NMR 成熟,我们发现修饰是该方法的实施需要对具有不同修饰状态的tRNA 样品进行NMR光谱学分析,以鉴定各个修饰的NMR特征。此处将介绍用于NMR光谱分析修饰途径的tRNA 样品的生产,并在酵母tRNA Phe 上进行例证,但可以通过更改构建体的序列扩展到其他tRNA 。该方案描述了未修饰的生产通过体外转录获得tRNA 样品,并通过在大肠杆菌中重组表达tRNA 产生修饰的tRNA 样品。大肠杆菌。

[背景 ] 在生活的各个领域,合成和RNA的成熟包括在特定地点的核苷酸的转录后的化学修饰。在不同的RNA家族,tRNA基因不仅显示最高多种化学修饰,而且密度最高每转录修饰(〜中经修饰的核苷酸8-25%的tRNA 各种生物体的)(Boccaletto ...

Using Light and Electron Microscopy to Estimate Structural Variation in Thylakoid Membranes
Author:
Date:
2017-12-05
[Abstract]  The shapes of chloroplasts and the architectures of internal thylakoid membranes are altered by growth and environmental changes (Lichtenthaler et al., 1981; Kutik, 1985; Terashima and Hikosaka, 1995). These morphological alterations proceed via transitional intermediates, during which dynamic and heterogeneous thylakoid membranes are observed in cells (Nozue et al., 2017). Light microscopy is useful for the detection of morphological differences in chloroplasts. The thylakoid architecture of such morphologically variable chloroplasts is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The method of monitoring structural variation by light microscopy in combination with electron microscopy is described. [摘要]  叶绿体的形状和内部类囊体膜的结构被生长和环境变化所改变(Lichtenthaler等,1981; Kutik,1985; Terashima和Hikosaka,1995)。 这些形态改变经由过渡中间体进行,在此期间在细胞中观察到动态和非均匀的类囊体膜(Nozue等人,2017)。 光学显微镜可用于检测叶绿体中的形态差异。 透射电子显微镜(TEM)证实了这种形态变化的叶绿体的类囊体结构。 描述了用光学显微镜结合电子显微镜监测结构变化的方法。
【背景】已经提出了超结构形态学与类囊体膜中的光合作用和代谢途径的功能性偶联(Oswald等人,2001)。 这是由类囊体膜在叶成熟期间和从营养期向开花生长期转变期间的异质性支持的。 形态改变有一定的时间滞后(Nozue等人,2017)。 类囊体膜的重排与叶绿体形状的变化同时发生,叶绿体的形状从具有典型的细长透镜状外观变为通过光学显微镜可识别的肿胀外观。

Bone Resorption Assay
Author:
Date:
2014-07-20
[Abstract]  The Bone resorption assay provides an easy to use protocol for quantitatively measuring in vitro osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Osteoclasts can be seeded onto the bone slices and formation of resorption pits can be quantified via toluidinblue staining (Scholtysek et al., 2013). [摘要]  骨吸收测定法提供了用于定量测量体外破骨细胞介导的骨吸收的易于使用的方案。 破骨细胞可以接种到骨切片上,并且可以通过甲苯胺蓝染色来定量吸收凹陷的形成(Scholtysek等人,2013)。

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